ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate mean decrease in Corneal Endothelial cell Density [CED] after phacoemulsification in patients with different Anterior Chamber Depths [ACDs] and Axial Lengths [ALs]
Methods: This prospective stratified controlled study was conducted at PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi. One hundred eyes of 90 patients, scheduled to undergo phacoemulsification surgery, were included. AL and ACD of each patient were calculated preoperatively using IOL Master. Cataracts were classified according toLens Opacities Classification System III [LOCS III] giving nuclear opalescence [NO] grades on slit lamp examination and only patients with grades NO2 and NO3 were included.Eyes were divided into two groups according to ACD and AL: Group-I: ACD 2.0mm - 3 mm and AL 22mm - 23.5mm; Group-II: ACD 3.1 mm -4.0 mm and AL 23.6mm - 25mm. CED measurements were done preoperatively and 2 month postoperatively using specular microscopy. The difference in CED change [Endothelial Cell Loss] between the two groups after surgery was analyzed using SPSS, v 22; IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY
Results: Differences in gender, laterality, age and preoperative CED between two groups were not significant. Difference in postoperative CED was also not significant, however difference in mean change and mean frequency change in CED between two groups was found to be statistically significant
Conclusion: ACD and AL affect the CED during phacoemulsification and Intraocular Lens[IOL] implantation and can be considered as risk factors of peroperative endothelial cell loss
ABSTRACT
We report a rare case of segmental spinal dysgenesis in a nine months old boy. The boy was born with flaccid paraplegia and lower limb deformities. Radiological workup revealed severe vertebral and spinal cord anomalies resulting into kyphosis and neurological deficits leading to grave disability and morbidity. The aim of reporting this case is to highlight the role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of extent of spinal abnormalities for surgical correction.
ABSTRACT
15 percent of the snakes are poisonous and present a potential life threatening risk to human lives. [1] To review the demographic, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings of 48 patients of snake bite treated in a field hospital. [2] To evaluate the treatment and outcome of these patients. A retrospective study. Field hospital in rural Sindh. Period: From January 2002 to December 2003. All patients diagnosed with snake bite had first aid treatment by a either a nursing staff close to the place of bite or by a quack and later on transferred to field hospital. The first aid treatment consisted of pain relief [injectable diclofenac, oral acetaminophen], application of bandage or tourniquet proximal to the bite, antihistamine [oral or injectable chlorpheniramine] anti- inflammatory [injection hydrocortisone] and immobilization of the affected limb with a splint. We are treated 48 patients with snake bite. There were 45 [94%] male patients and 3 [6%] female patients. Age range was 18 to 56 years with a mean age of 29.8 years. 35 [73%] patients suffered from snake bite between the months of May and September. The timing of the bite was also peculiar with 36 [75%] patients bitten between 8pm and 8am whereas only 12 [25%] patients during other times of the day. 38 [79%] patients gave history of seeing the snake themselves and 10 [21%] patients were not able to see the snake mainly because of darkness. It should be remembered that not all snakes are poisonous and that they are more afraid of humans than we are of them. Psychological effects of the bite are at times more devastating than the clinical effects, therefore patient reassurance forms part of the treatment